Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual Irregularities

The female reproductive system is primarily regulated by hormones secreted by the ovaries. On average, every 28 days, under the influence of these hormones, the endometrium, which lines the inner surface of the uterus, thickens and becomes enriched with blood vessels in preparation for a potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, shedding is observed at the end of this period to prepare for the next cycle.

The endometrium is a tissue rich in blood vessels, so when it sheds, it causes some bleeding. This bleeding is referred to as menstruation, or in common parlance, "the start of the period."

The menstrual cycle is calculated from the first day of the period (the first day of bleeding) until the start of the next menstrual bleeding. Normally, each woman has a menstrual cycle that ranges from 21 to 35 days in length. If bleeding occurs outside of this regular cycle and there are excessive bleeds, this is considered irregular menstruation.

What Causes Menstrual Delay?

A healthy woman experiences menstruation every 21 to 35 days or, on average, every 28 days. The balance of hormones in the body is the most important factor influencing the menstrual cycle. Any deviation from this cycle (a delay of at least seven days) is considered a menstrual delay. There are many factors that can cause a delay, and for us to consider it as a delay, the menstruation should be at least seven days late.

Studies show that nearly every woman experiences menstrual irregularities at certain points in their life. Having two or three instances of delays in a year is considered normal. However, if the delays occur more than three times a year, it is recommended to consult a doctor and investigate the underlying causes. For someone who is having their first menstruation, irregularities are normal until their menstrual cycle stabilizes.

Environmental factors, stress, psychological factors, seasonal transitions, hormonal changes, and the use of certain medications can also cause delays. When a woman becomes pregnant, menstruation stops.

Pregnancy, excessive stress, sudden weight loss, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes, heart diseases, overactive thyroid, excessive physical exercise, the use of birth control pills, menopause, or early menopause can all lead to delayed menstruation.

The effects of delay on the body and psychology can vary. Some common symptoms may include excessive hair growth, long-lasting and severe headaches without cause, pain in the pelvic area, pimples or acne on the face and other parts of the body, excessive weight gain or loss.

If the menstrual cycle is frequently interrupted or delayed for a long period, it may be a sign of underlying health problems. Therefore, it is recommended that women visit a healthcare provider for early diagnosis and treatment. During gynecological or endocrinological examinations, the patient's medical history, family medical history, and age are all considered by the doctor.

Menstrual Irregularities

Causes of Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual irregularities can develop due to various reasons. If the irregularity is caused by hormonal issues, and if the menstrual flow is heavy and painful enough to affect a person’s quality of life, medical assistance is required. Menstrual irregularities in women can occur for a variety of reasons. These causes can be listed as follows:

  • Adenomyosis (thickening of the endometrial tissue)
  • Ovulation deficiency or issues related to ovulation
  • Fibroids, polyps, or cysts
  • Hormonal medications
  • Estrogen hormone-related or other hormonal disorders
  • Infectious conditions
  • Malignant tumors of the uterus or ovaries

Causes of Menstrual Delay

There are many potential reasons for menstrual delay, which is why doctor consultation is important. The most common causes are as follows:

  • Pregnancy: This is the primary cause of delayed menstruation. Women who have an active sexual life without contraception may experience menstrual delays due to pregnancy.
  • Intense Exercise Programs: When exercise is increased but calorie intake is reduced, menstrual delays are highly likely to occur.
  • Chronic Diseases: Chronic conditions that persist for over a year or have lifelong effects can directly impact menstrual regularity.
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Cysts on the ovaries that produce excess male hormones can lead to menstrual delays. The presence of excess male hormones causes more cysts, which in turn triggers more male hormone production, creating a vicious cycle. Treatment is usually medication-based.
  • Weight Loss or Excessive Weight Gain (Sudden weight changes): If your weight is more than 10% below your ideal weight, your body’s functioning changes, negatively impacting ovulation. Overweight and obese women also experience menstrual delays due to hormonal changes caused by excess weight.
  • Breastfeeding and Postpartum Period: During breastfeeding and the postpartum period, women may not menstruate or may experience delays. Once breastfeeding ends, the menstrual cycle usually returns to normal.
  • Birth Control Pills: Women using birth control pills frequently experience menstrual irregularities. After stopping the use of birth control pills, it may take some time for the menstrual cycle to return to its regular pattern.
  • Stress: The brain regulates the menstrual cycle. Stress can affect the brain, leading to menstrual delays.
  • Thyroid Disorders (Goiter): Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can cause menstrual delays. Medications used for thyroid issues may also contribute to delays.
  • Early Menopause: The menopause process typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. However, perimenopause, which can begin as early as 40, reduces the number of eggs and may cause menstrual irregularities.

For more detailed questions or support regarding ovarian cysts, please feel free to contact our clinic.

Menstrual Irregularities
Menstrual Irregularities